PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS

Andromahi Naumovska1, Dimitar Bonevski1, Marija Raleva2, Viktor Isjanovski1 Andromahi Naumovska Center for Mental Health, Psychiatric HospitalSkopje Kole Nedelkovski 52, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia andromahi_n@yahoo.com Dimitar Bonevski Center for Mental Health, Psychiatric HospitalSkopje Kole Nedelkovski 52, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia dimitarbonevski@gmail.com Marija Raleva Clinic of Psychiatry Beogradska bb, Skopje, Macedonia marijaraleva@gmail.com Viktor Isjanovski Center for Mental Health, Psychiatric HospitalSkopje Kole Nedelkovski 52, 1000, Skopje, Macedonia viktorisjanovski@yahoo.com ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Personality traits represent opportunities that are manifested in certain conditions and depend on the biological disposition of the person. Personality traits are stable, vary between individuals, and only apply to a certain individual. They affect individual behavior making it unique in comparison to the others (1).
According to Eysenck various personality traits are caused by the characteristics of the brain, which are influenced by genetic factors (2). He identifies the reticular formation and limbic system as a key components of the cortical reaction and then as a key components of the appropriate emotional response. Eysenck gives an explanation that extroverted have low levels of cortical arousal, while introverts have high level which leads them to look for a constant stimulation outside, in socialization. He binds psychoticism to testosterone, and to the dopamine system. Neuroticism by his opinion is still considered to be mediated by the level of excitement in the limbic system, and those with high neuroticism in small stresses exceed the level of normal activation, while those with low neuroticism under great stress does not exceed the level of normal activation (3).
Today the main factor approach for examining personality dimensions is the five factor model (five dimensionsextroversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness), and within each dimension there are six traits included (4). The dimensions shows consistency in interviews, observations and self-describing, and are also found in various cultures at different ages (5), with no qualitative difference between normal and pathological personality except in schizophrenia or dementia states (6,7,8,9).
Studies have shown that all five factors are formed and maintained both by the environment and the inheritance. So the person and its personality is a product of biological determination which is shaped under the influence of the process of socialization, as a result of the acquired attitudes, values, ideas and rules for social behavior (9). Early inhibitions of certain behavior in the children are factors for developing inhibited or timid individuals. These traits continue to develop through adolescence to adulthood and increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders. (10). Individual studies particularly emphasize the importance of the assertiveness, competitiveness and perfectionism, and the experience of negative evaluation by others as the most important psychological factors for the development of anxiety disorders (11, 12). Adolescence is a critical transition stage of development, between childhood and adulthood, in which the occurrence of anxiety disorders can still be prevented.

MATHERIAL AND METHOD
The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences in personality dimensions and traits in young people with different types of anxiety disorders (PD, GAD and SP) by conducting analytical, cross-sectional cohort study.
The sample is consisted of 120 young people (18 to 25 years; 69 female and 51 male, 40 with PD, 40 with GAD, and 40 with SP). Inclusion criteria -young people who are asking for professional help for a first time at the Center for Mental Health-"Center" at the Psychiatric Hospital "Skopje" -Skopje and Psychiatric Clinic-Skopje and are diagnosed according ICD-10 as anxiety disorders (panic disorder, social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder as the most common anxiety disorders) and who agree to participate in the study with guaranteed anonymity. All of them are high school graduates. They are selected randomly. Exclusion criteria-presence of co-morbidity with other mental disorder.
Internal consistency, reliability of the questionnaire, alpha coefficients are: for N (neuroticism) is 0.92, for E (extroversion) is 0.89, for (openness) is 0.87, A (agreeableness) is 0.86 and for C (consciousness) is 0.90, and the validity after 6 months period is 0.83.
Statistical data analyses are conducted using software SPSS 17.0. For data analysis we used the following statistical methods: the distributions of continuous variables (personality dimensions and traits) are shown as-arithmetic mean and standard deviation. Differences between groups were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). All statistical tests were processed using the statistical significance of p <0.05 (results considered as statistically significant). J a n u a r y 23, 2 0 1 5

RESULTS
The results of the analysis of the survey data by the personality dimensions in subjects with PD, GAD and SP are shown in Table 1.   . 1d), but not in consciousness in general. No differences were found between the groups of subjects with different anxiety disorders in openness, agreeableness and extraversion as personality dimensions and also for the traits within them (Figure 1-a, b, g, respectively).

DISCUSION
According the five factor model, neuroticism, and especially vulnerability and severity of anxiety is the most expressed personality dimension in young people with GAD, while the need order and dutifulness in the dimension consciousness is most apparent dimension of personality among youth with GAD and SP. Neuroticism is one of the best empirically validated dimensions and it is considered as the most important dimension associated with anxiety disorders (13). It means emotional instability, intolerance of stress and tends to destabilize the person under stressful circumstances. It represents a general tendency to experience negative emotions (sadness, anger, fear, anxiety, guilt, etc.) (14). This research shows that young people with anxiety disorders do not differ in terms of depression, aggression, and selfawareness and hostility but they show differences in vulnerability and the degree of anxiety. Young people with GAD constantly expressed restlessness, those with PD feel uncertainty about the occurrence of anxiety, while those with SP experience it only in certain social situations, and because of that they show differences in vulnerability, anxiety, achieving goals and order.
The results of numerous studies (8 15, 16, 17, 18, 19) also show that youth people with different anxiety disorders appears to have high neuroticism, and the general conclusion is that neuroticism is one of the key factors of vulnerability, disposition to develop these disorders. During the development period occurrence of anxiety disorder leads to continuity in behavioral problems and cognitive distortions (4), leads to emphasizing certain traits and making those young people to become socially dysfunctional (20). J a n u a r y 23, 2 0 1 5