AN IMPLEMENTATION OF CARBON EFFICIENT VM PLACEMENT AND MIGRATION TECHNIQUE IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT

Electricity consumption is set to rise 76% from 2007 to 2030 and datacenters are the main contributors of an important portion of this increase, emphasizes the importance of reducing energy consumption in clouds. Increase in the level of carbon dioxide in our ecosystem is another consequence of this increasing amount of energy consumption by the datacenters. According to Gartner, the Information and communication industry produces 2% of global carbon dioxide emission [10]. Hence, there is a great requirement of making use of more environmentally friendly computing called “Green Cloud Computing” to minimize operational and energy consumption costs and also to reduce the environmental impact. In this paper, we have implemented the carbon efficient VM placement and migration technique in cloud sim simulator.


INTRODUCTION
Cloud Computing is the biggest technology advancement now a days. It has taken computing in initial to the next level. Cloud computing provides the information technology as a service. Cloud computing uses the internet and the central remote servers to support different data and applications. It is an internet based technology. It allows the users to find their personal files at any computer with internet access. Cloud computing is flexible in nature. It allocates the resources on the authority request. [2] Cloud computing provides the act of uniting. It is an emerging technology, that is used to provide various computing and storage services over the Internet. In cloud computing, the internet is viewed as a cloud. By the use of cloud computing, the capital and operational costs can be cut. In the older days every company was to license their software through CDs DVDs and when it was to come on upgrading, they were to face lots of problems. When cloud computing comes as a service part like rental the cost of supplying and vendor system could be reduced, where the software comes to any organization directly. Cloud computing incorporates the infrastructure, platform, and software as services. These service providers rent data center hardware and software to deliver storage and computing services through the Internet. Internet users can receive services from a cloud as if they were employing a super computer which be using cloud computing. To storing data in the cloud instead of on their own devices and it making ubiquitous data access possible. They can run their applications on much more powerful cloud computing platforms with software deployed in the cloud which mitigating the users burden of full software installation and continual upgrade on their local devices.

HOW DOES CLOUD COMPUTING WORK?
Cloud computing aims to apply the power of supercomputer to problems like analyzing risk in financial portfolios, powering immersive computer games, in a way that users can tap through the Web. It does that by networking large groups of servers that often use low-cost consumer PC technology, with specialized connections to spread data-processing chores across them. Soon instead of installing a suite of software for each computer, you'd only have to load one application. That application would allow workers to log into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs. Remote machines owned by another company would run everything from e-mail to word processing to complex data analysis programs. It's called cloud computing. The only thing the user's computer needs to be able to run is the cloud computing systems interface software, which can be as simple as a Web browser, and the cloud's network takes care of the rest. The software and storage for your account doesn't exist on your computer --it's on the service's computer cloud. Cloud computing providers deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from a Web browser, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. In some cases, legacy applications (line of business applications that until now have been prevalent in thin client Windows computing) are delivered via a screen-sharing technology such as Citrix Xen App, while the computing resources are consolidated at a remote data center location; in other cases, entire business applications have been coded using web-based technologies such as AJAX.
A simple example of cloud computing is Yahoo email, Gmail, or Hotmail etc. You don't need software or a server to use them. All a consumer would need is just an internet connection and you can start sending emails. The server and email management software is all on the cloud (internet) and is totally managed by the cloud service provider Yeah, Google etc. The consumer gets to use the software alone and enjoy the benefits. The analogy is, 'If you need milk, would you buy a cow?' All the users or consumers need is to get the benefits of using the software or hardware of the computer like sending emails etc. Just to get this benefit (milk) why should a consumer buy a (cow) software /hardware? Cloud computing is broken down into three segments: "application" "storage" and "connectivity." Each segment serves a different purpose and offers different products for businesses and individuals around the world. In June 2011, a study conducted by VersionOne found that 91% of senior IT professionals actually don't know what cloud computing is and two-thirds of senior I S S N 2 2 7 7 -3061 V o l u m e 1 5 N u m b e r 10 I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l o f C o m p u t e r a n d T e c h n o l o g y 7170 | P a g e C o u n c i l f o r I n n o v a t i v e R e s e a r c h July , 2 0 1 6 w w w . c i r w o r l d . c o m finance professionals are clear by the concept, [5] highlighting the young nature of the technology. In Sept 2011, an Aberdeen Group study found that disciplined companies achieved on average an 68% increase in their IT expense because cloud computing and only a 10% reduction in data center power costs [6]. Final Version of NIST Cloud Computing Definition [7] Cloud computing is a relatively new business model in the computing world. According to the official NIST definition, "cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction."

RELATED WORK
The

CARBON EFFICIENT VM PLACEMENT AND MIGRATION TECHNIQUE
From the literature survey,it is found that various research works have been done to attain energy efficiency and reduce power consumption. However, a very few researchers have tried to focus primarily on reduction of carbon footprint as discussed above. To the best of knowledge none of the above mentioned techniques have considered both the factors together, i.e. reduction of carbon emission in federated cloud datacenters and also minimization of energy consumption inside each data center of cloud by focusing on current utilization of each host. Consideration of utilization of hosts inside the datacenters, during the execution of VMs, is an important factor for minimizing the power consumption [26]. And the optimal utilization can be achieved by using migration techniques whenever required. An approach called Carbon Efficient VM Placement and Migration Technique (CEPM) has been implemented, which is different from all the above mentioned techniques.
 Technique follows the distributed cloud architecture in which datacenters are federated over different geographic locations.
 Each data center in the distributed cloud architecture has its own carbon footprint rate depending upon its energy resource. Approach is divided into two step process: i) Initial placement of VM to a suitable host from the datacenter having minimum carbon footprint rate among all the available hosts from different distributed data centers.
ii) Optimization of current VM allocation inside every datacenter. In the first step, when a new VM request is received by the cloud broker, the broker selects the host from most carbon efficient data center available by looking into the centralized database of all the data centers maintained at the broker site. This centralized data maintains the list of all the available hosts in every datacenter. Also, it maintains the list of datacenters sorted in ascending order of CF*PUE. From all the suitable hosts which fulfill the requirements of the VM request, the host is selected from the datacenter having the minimum carbon footprint rate in the sorted list of datacenters.

Second Step: Optimization of current VM allocation
In the second step, we execute the migration process in order to minimize energy consumption inside each data center. The VMs are migrated to other hosts of the datacenter from those hosts which are either over utilized or underutilized depending upon two predefined threshold values of the utilization.

ALGORITHM
 Receive the request for a VM.
 Get the information of datacenters from the central database and sort them in ascending order of value (CF *PUE).
 Get the list of all the available hosts from all the datacenters in the cloud.
 From the available hosts, make a list of all the hosts which fulfill the service requirements of the VM.
 From the list of selected hosts, get the host belonging to the most carbon efficient datacenter  Allocate the host to the VM.
 If there are more than one host from the list of suitable hosts, which belong to most carbon efficient datacenter select the host with minimum increase in power consumption on placement of VM.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
We  Table 1.     Table 3. Each physical node is modelled to have the configuration according to the Table II and the requirements of a VM in the simulation model are as given in Table III.

CONCLUSION
The growing demands of consumers for computing services are encouraging the service providers to deploy large number of data centers, all over the world that consume very large amount of energy. Increasing amount of energy consumption by the datacenters is one of the reasons of increase in the level of carbon dioxide in our ecosystem. Research gives an idea that one google search generates as much CO2 as car produces by driving 3 inches and could power a 100 watt light bulb for 11 secs. All monthly google search generate 2,60,000 kg CO2 which requires 39,00,000 KWh energy. According to gartner the information and communication industry produces 2 % of global carbon dioxide emission. In the future work, we will try to optimize the power consumption by the datacenter, thereby saving the cost occurred to the client and the cloud provider. By reducing the power consumption, we will be able to reduce the carbon footprints and will lead to much cleaner and greener environment.